Critical

Apache OpenNLP DictionaryEntryPersistor Vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) via Unsanitized Dictionary Parsing

  • Disclosed: 04.05.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 13:20

XML External Entity (XXE) via Unsanitized Dictionary Parsing in Apache OpenNLP DictionaryEntryPersistor

Versions Affected: before 2.5.9, before 3.0.0-M3

Description: The DictionaryEntryPersistor class initializes a static SAXParserFactory at class-load time without enabling FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING or disabling DTD processing. When create(InputStream, EntryInserter) is invoked, the only feature set on the XMLReader is namespace support — external entity resolution and DOCTYPE declarations remain fully enabled. An attacker who can supply a crafted dictionary file (e.g., a stop-word list or domain dictionary) containing a malicious DOCTYPE declaration can trigger local file disclosure via file:// entity references or server-side request forgery via http:// entity references during SAX parsing, before the application processes a single dictionary entry. This is inconsistent with the project's own XmlUtil.createSaxParser() helper, which correctly sets FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING and disallow-doctype-decl and is used by all other XML parsing paths in the codebase. The public Dictionary(InputStream) constructor delegates directly to this method and is the documented API for loading user-supplied dictionaries, making untrusted input a realistic scenario.

Mitigation: 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9. 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should ensure that all dictionary files are sourced from trusted origins and should consider wrapping the Dictionary(InputStream) constructor with input validation that rejects any XML containing a DOCTYPE declaration before it reaches the parser.

Affected software

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PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.opennlp:opennlp-tools >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.9, >= 3.0.0-M1, < 3.0.0-M3, < 1.9.5 2.5.9, 3.0.0-M3, 1.9.5

References

CVSS score 9.1/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-611
Platform
Java / Kotlin (Maven)
Package
org.apache.opennlp:opennlp-tools
Disclosed
04.05.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 13:20

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-4v8g-86x5-3vrc - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: org.apache.opennlp:opennlp-tools

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries
4
First → latest
05.2022 05.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 3
  • High 1

Disclosures per year

  1. 2022: 1
  2. 2023: 0
  3. 2024: 0
  4. 2025: 0
  5. 2026: 3
  1. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-42440 < 2.5.9, >= 3.0.0-M1, < 3.0.0-M3 2.5.9, 3.0.0-M3
  2. Critical · 9.8 CVE-2026-42027 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.9, >= 3.0.0-M1, < 3.0.0-M3, < 1.9.5 2.5.9, 3.0.0-M3, 1.9.5
  3. Apache OpenNLP DictionaryEntryPersistor Vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) via Unsanitized Dictionary Parsing this entry
    Critical · 9.1 CVE-2026-40682 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.9, >= 3.0.0-M1, < 3.0.0-M3, < 1.9.5 2.5.9, 3.0.0-M3, 1.9.5
  4. Critical · 9.8 CVE-2017-12620 >= 1.5.0, < 1.8.2 1.8.2

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