High

protobuf.js is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection in the CLI

  • Disclosed: 12.05.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

Summary

pbts invoked JSDoc by building a shell command string from input file paths and executing it through child_process.exec. File paths containing shell metacharacters could therefore be interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to JSDoc as plain arguments.

Impact

An attacker who can control file names or paths passed to pbts may be able to execute arbitrary shell commands with the privileges of the process running pbts.

This affects the protobufjs CLI tooling path. The protobufjs runtime APIs for encoding, decoding, parsing, and loading protobuf messages are not directly affected by this issue.

Preconditions

  • The application or user must invoke pbts on file paths influenced by an attacker.
  • The attacker must be able to supply or create a path containing shell-significant characters.
  • The vulnerable pbts version must execute the generated JSDoc command through a shell.

Workarounds

Do not run affected versions of pbts on attacker-controlled file names or paths. If this cannot be avoided, sanitize or rename input files before invoking pbts, or run the CLI in an isolated environment with minimal privileges.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
npm package protobufjs-cli < 1.2.1, >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.2 1.2.1, 2.0.2

References

CVSS score 7.8/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-78
Platform
npm
Package
protobufjs-cli
Disclosed
12.05.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 10:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-f84p-cvgm-xgjj - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: protobufjs-cli

All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries
4
First → latest
05.2026 06.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • High 3
  • Medium 1

Disclosures per year

  1. 2026: 4
  1. High · 8.2 CVE-2026-54271 < 1.3.2, >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.0 1.3.2, 2.5.0
  2. Medium · 5.3 CVE-2026-54269 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.1, < 1.3.3 2.5.1, 1.3.3
  3. High · 8.7 CVE-2026-44295 < 1.2.1, >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.2 1.2.1, 2.0.2
  4. protobuf.js is Vulnerable to OS Command Injection in the CLI this entry
    High · 7.8 CVE-2026-42290 < 1.2.1, >= 2.0.0, < 2.0.2 1.2.1, 2.0.2

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