lodash vulnerable to Code Injection via `_.template` imports key names
Impact
The fix for CVE-2021-23337 added validation for the variable option in _.template but did not apply the same validation to options.imports key names. Both paths flow into the same Function() constructor sink.
When an application passes untrusted input as options.imports key names, an attacker can inject default-parameter expressions that execute arbitrary code at template compilation time.
Additionally, _.template uses assignInWith to merge imports, which enumerates inherited properties via for..in. If Object.prototype has been polluted by any other vector, the polluted keys are copied into the imports object and passed to Function().
Patches
Users should upgrade to version 4.18.0.
The fix applies two changes:
- Validate
importsKeysagainst the existingreForbiddenIdentifierCharsregex (same check already used for thevariableoption) - Replace
assignInWithwithassignWithwhen merging imports, so only own properties are enumerated
Workarounds
Do not pass untrusted input as key names in options.imports. Only use developer-controlled, static key names.
Affected software
Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.
| Platform | Package | Vulnerable versions | Fixed in |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm package | lodash | >= 4.0.0, < 4.18.0 | 4.18.0 |
| npm package | lodash-amd | >= 4.0.0, < 4.18.0 | 4.18.0 |
| npm package | lodash-es | >= 4.0.0, < 4.18.0 | 4.18.0 |
| npm package | lodash-template | <= 1.0.0 | no fix |
| npm package | lodash.template | >= 4.0.0, < 4.18.0 | 4.18.0 |
References
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23337
- https://github.com/lodash/lodash/commit/3469357cff396a26c363f8c1b5a91dde28ba4b1c
- https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html
- https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html
- https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html
- https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-LODASH-1040724
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-1074929
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWERGITHUBLODASH-1074931
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-1074928
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARS-1074930
- https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGFUJIONWEBJARS-1074932
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210312-0006
- https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/lodash-rails/CVE-2021-23337.yml
- https://github.com/lodash/lodash/blob/ddfd9b11a0126db2302cb70ec9973b66baec0975/lodash.js#L14851
- https://github.com/lodash/lodash
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-637483.pdf
- https://github.com/lodash/lodash/security/advisories/GHSA-r5fr-rjxr-66jc
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4800
- https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html
- https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-35jh-r3h4-6jhm
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Weakness (CWE)
CWE-77, CWE-94- Platform
- npm
- Package
lodash, lodash-amd, lodash-es- Disclosed
- 06.05.2021
- Updated
- 17.10.2026 05:17
Sources and licenses
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-35jh-r3h4-6jhm - CC BY 4.0
OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-r5fr-rjxr-66jc - CC BY 4.0
Vulnerability history: lodash-amd
All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.
- Total entries
- 4
- First → latest
- 07.2019 01.2026
- Without a fix
- 0
- Exploited in attacks
- 0
Severity breakdown
- Critical 1
- High 1
- Medium 2
Disclosures per year
- 2019: 2
- 2020: 0
- 2021: 1
- 2022: 0
- 2023: 0
- 2024: 0
- 2025: 0
- 2026: 1
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lodash vulnerable to Code Injection via `_.template` imports key names this entry
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