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High

Special top object can be used to access Struts' internals

  • Disclosed: 14.05.2022
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 11:22

ValueStack defines special top object which represents root of execution context. It can be used to manipulate Struts' internals or can be used to affect container's settings. Applying better regex which includes pattern to exclude request parameters trying to use top object. This issue was patched in Struts 2.3.24.1.

Affected software

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PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.struts:struts2-core < 2.3.24.1 2.3.24.1

References

CVSS score 7.5/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20
Platform
Java / Kotlin (Maven)
Package
org.apache.struts:struts2-core
Disclosed
14.05.2022
Updated
11.10.2026 11:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-4qgj-9mvg-3929 - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: org.apache.struts:struts2-core

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (60) in the archive
Total entries
60
First → latest
10.2018 01.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
6

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 14
  • High 25
  • Medium 20
  • Low 1

Disclosures per year

Severity:
  1. Apache Struts 2 is Missing XML Validation
    High · 8.1 CVE-2025-68493 >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.1 6.1.1
  2. Apache Struts has a Denial of Service vulnerability
    High · 8.2 CVE-2025-66675 >= 2.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  3. Apache Struts is Vulnerable to DoS via File Leak
    High · 7.5 CVE-2025-64775 >= 6.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1, >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  4. Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2024-53677 < 6.4.0 6.4.0
  5. Apache Struts vulnerable to path traversal
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2023-50164 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.3.0.2 2.5.33, 6.3.0.2
  6. Apache Struts Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources vulnerability
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-41835 >= 6.2.0, < 6.3.0.1, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.2, < 2.5.32 6.3.0.1, 6.1.2.2, 2.5.32
  7. Apache Struts vulnerable to memory exhaustion
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-34396 < 2.5.31, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.1 2.5.31, 6.1.2.1
  8. Improper Preservation of Permissions in Apache Struts
    High · 7.5 CVE-2019-0233 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  9. Remote Code Execution in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-3082 < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.28, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  10. Code injection in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-4316 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.15.2 2.3.15.2
  11. Apache Struts improper action name cleanup
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-4436 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29, >= 2.5-BETA1, < 2.5.1 2.3.29, 2.5.1
  12. Incomplete exclude pattern in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2015-1831 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.1 2.3.20.1
  13. Special top object can be used to access Struts' internals this entry
    High · 7.5 CVE-2015-5209 < 2.3.24.1 2.3.24.1
  14. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2134 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  15. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2135 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  16. Apache Struts Code injection due to conversion error
    High CVE-2012-0838 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  17. Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation
    High · 8.8 CVE-2016-4461 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  18. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0112 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  19. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-1966 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  20. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0113 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  21. Improper Control of Generation of Code in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-1965 < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  22. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0116 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  23. Apache Struts vulnerable to arbitrary remote code execution due to improper input validation
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-3087 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  24. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    High · 8.1 Exploited in attacks CVE-2016-3081 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  25. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-4438 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  26. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    High · 8.8 CVE-2016-0785 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3
  27. Code injection in Apache Struts
    High · 8.1 CVE-2013-2115 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  28. Code injection in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2013-2251 < 2.3.15.1 2.3.15.1
  29. Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2012-0391 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  30. Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in Apache Struts2
    High · 8.8 CVE-2012-1592 >= 2.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  31. Struts ParameterInterceptor vulnerability allows remote command execution
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2011-3923 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.2
  32. Expression Language Injection in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2021-31805 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.30 2.5.30
  33. Remote code execution in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2020-17530 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.26 2.5.26
  34. Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2019-0230 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  35. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation
    High · 8.1 Exploited in attacks CVE-2018-11776 >= 2.0.4, < 2.3.35, >= 2.5, < 2.5.17 2.3.35, 2.5.17
  36. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote arbitrary command execution due to improper input validation
    Critical · 10.0 Exploited in attacks CVE-2017-5638 >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.32, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.10.1 2.3.32, 2.5.10.1
  37. Apache Struts allows entering a custom URL in a form field if built-in URLValidator is used
    High · 7.5 CVE-2017-9804 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.13 2.3.34, 2.5.13
  38. Spring AOP functionality (Struts) vulnerable to DoS attack
    High · 7.5 CVE-2017-9787 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.33, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.12 2.3.33, 2.5.12
  39. Apache Struts 2.0.1 uses an unintentional expression in a Freemarker tag instead of string literal
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2017-12611 >= 2.0.1, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.11 2.3.34, 2.5.11

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