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Critical

Code injection in Apache Struts

  • Disclosed: 13.05.2022
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 12:22

CISA confirms exploitation of this vulnerability in real attacks. Prioritise checking whether your application is affected. CISA KEV · CC0 1.0

The Struts 2 DefaultActionMapper supports a method for short-circuit navigation state changes by prefixing parameters with "action:" or "redirect:", followed by a desired navigational target expression. This mechanism was intended to help with attaching navigational information to buttons within forms.

In Struts 2 before 2.3.15.1 the information following "action:", "redirect:" or "redirectAction:" is not properly sanitized. Since said information will be evaluated as OGNL expression against the value stack, this introduces the possibility to inject server side code.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.struts:struts2-core < 2.3.15.1 2.3.15.1

References

CVSS score 9.8/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-20, CWE-74
Platform
Java / Kotlin (Maven)
Package
org.apache.struts:struts2-core
Disclosed
13.05.2022
Updated
11.10.2026 12:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-47qp-8v9g-39hp - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: org.apache.struts:struts2-core

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (60) in the archive
Total entries
60
First → latest
10.2018 01.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
6

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 14
  • High 25
  • Medium 20
  • Low 1

Disclosures per year

Severity:
  1. Code injection in Apache Struts this entry
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2013-2251 < 2.3.15.1 2.3.15.1
  2. Apache Struts 2 is Missing XML Validation
    High · 8.1 CVE-2025-68493 >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.1 6.1.1
  3. Apache Struts has a Denial of Service vulnerability
    High · 8.2 CVE-2025-66675 >= 2.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  4. Apache Struts is Vulnerable to DoS via File Leak
    High · 7.5 CVE-2025-64775 >= 6.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1, >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  5. Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2024-53677 < 6.4.0 6.4.0
  6. Apache Struts vulnerable to path traversal
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2023-50164 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.3.0.2 2.5.33, 6.3.0.2
  7. Apache Struts Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources vulnerability
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-41835 >= 6.2.0, < 6.3.0.1, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.2, < 2.5.32 6.3.0.1, 6.1.2.2, 2.5.32
  8. Apache Struts vulnerable to memory exhaustion
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-34396 < 2.5.31, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.1 2.5.31, 6.1.2.1
  9. Improper Preservation of Permissions in Apache Struts
    High · 7.5 CVE-2019-0233 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  10. Remote Code Execution in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-3082 < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.28, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  11. Code injection in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-4316 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.15.2 2.3.15.2
  12. Apache Struts improper action name cleanup
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-4436 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29, >= 2.5-BETA1, < 2.5.1 2.3.29, 2.5.1
  13. Incomplete exclude pattern in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2015-1831 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.1 2.3.20.1
  14. Special top object can be used to access Struts' internals
    High · 7.5 CVE-2015-5209 < 2.3.24.1 2.3.24.1
  15. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2134 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  16. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2135 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  17. Apache Struts Code injection due to conversion error
    High CVE-2012-0838 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  18. Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation
    High · 8.8 CVE-2016-4461 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  19. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0112 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  20. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-1966 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  21. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0113 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
Show more (18) Showing 21 of 39

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