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Medium

Cross-site Scripting in Apache Struts

  • Disclosed: 24.05.2022
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 12:21

When the Struts2 debug mode is turned on, under certain conditions an arbitrary script may be executed in the 'Problem Report' screen. Also if JSP files are exposed to be accessed directly it's possible to execute an arbitrary script.

It is generally not advisable to have debug mode switched on outside of the development environment. Debug mode should always be turned off in production setup. Also never expose JSPs files directly and hide them inside WEB-INF folder or define dedicated security constraints to block access to raw JSP files.

Struts >= 2.3.20 is not vulnerable to this attack. We recommend upgrading to Struts 2.3.20 or higher if turning off debug mode is not possible.

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Java / Kotlin (Maven) org.apache.struts:struts2-core < 2.3.20 2.3.20

References

CVSS score -
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-79
Platform
Java / Kotlin (Maven)
Package
org.apache.struts:struts2-core
Disclosed
24.05.2022
Updated
11.10.2026 12:21

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-265r-pp83-gww7 - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: org.apache.struts:struts2-core

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Java / Kotlin (Maven)), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (60) in the archive
Total entries
60
First → latest
10.2018 01.2026
Without a fix
0
Exploited in attacks
6

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 14
  • High 25
  • Medium 20
  • Low 1

Disclosures per year

Severity:
  1. Apache Struts 2 is Missing XML Validation
    High · 8.1 CVE-2025-68493 >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.1 6.1.1
  2. Apache Struts has a Denial of Service vulnerability
    High · 8.2 CVE-2025-66675 >= 2.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  3. Apache Struts is Vulnerable to DoS via File Leak
    High · 7.5 CVE-2025-64775 >= 6.0.0, < 6.8.0, >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.1, >= 2.0.0, <= 2.3.37, >= 2.5.0, <= 2.5.33 6.8.0, 7.1.1
  4. Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2024-53677 < 6.4.0 6.4.0
  5. Apache Struts vulnerable to path traversal
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2023-50164 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.33, >= 6.0.0, < 6.3.0.2 2.5.33, 6.3.0.2
  6. Apache Struts Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources vulnerability
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-41835 >= 6.2.0, < 6.3.0.1, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.2, < 2.5.32 6.3.0.1, 6.1.2.2, 2.5.32
  7. Apache Struts vulnerable to memory exhaustion
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-34396 < 2.5.31, >= 6.0.0, < 6.1.2.1 2.5.31, 6.1.2.1
  8. Improper Preservation of Permissions in Apache Struts
    High · 7.5 CVE-2019-0233 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  9. Cross-site Scripting in Apache Struts this entry
    Medium CVE-2015-2992 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  10. Remote Code Execution in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-3082 < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.28, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  11. Code injection in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-4316 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.15.2 2.3.15.2
  12. Apache Struts improper action name cleanup
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-4436 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29, >= 2.5-BETA1, < 2.5.1 2.3.29, 2.5.1
  13. Incomplete exclude pattern in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2015-1831 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.1 2.3.20.1
  14. Special top object can be used to access Struts' internals
    High · 7.5 CVE-2015-5209 < 2.3.24.1 2.3.24.1
  15. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2134 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  16. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    High CVE-2013-2135 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  17. Apache Struts Code injection due to conversion error
    High CVE-2012-0838 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  18. Apache Struts forced double OGNL evaluation
    High · 8.8 CVE-2016-4461 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  19. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0112 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  20. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-1966 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  21. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0113 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  22. Improper Control of Generation of Code in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2013-1965 < 2.3.14.3 2.3.14.3
  23. ClassLoader manipulation in Apache Struts
    High CVE-2014-0116 < 2.3.20 2.3.20
  24. Apache Struts vulnerable to arbitrary remote code execution due to improper input validation
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-3087 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  25. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    High · 8.1 Exploited in attacks CVE-2016-3081 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3, >= 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3, 2.3.28.1
  26. Arbitrary code execution in Apache Struts 2
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2016-4438 >= 2.3.19, < 2.3.29 2.3.29
  27. Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
    High · 8.8 CVE-2016-0785 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.20.3, >= 2.3.24, < 2.3.24.3 2.3.20.3, 2.3.24.3
  28. Code injection in Apache Struts
    High · 8.1 CVE-2013-2115 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.14.2 2.3.14.2
  29. Code injection in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2013-2251 < 2.3.15.1 2.3.15.1
  30. Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2012-0391 < 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.1
  31. Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type in Apache Struts2
    High · 8.8 CVE-2012-1592 >= 2.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  32. Struts ParameterInterceptor vulnerability allows remote command execution
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2011-3923 >= 2.0.0, < 2.3.1.2 2.3.1.2
  33. Expression Language Injection in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2021-31805 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.30 2.5.30
  34. Remote code execution in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2020-17530 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.26 2.5.26
  35. Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes in Apache Struts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2019-0230 >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22 2.5.22
  36. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote command execution (RCE) due to improper input validation
    High · 8.1 Exploited in attacks CVE-2018-11776 >= 2.0.4, < 2.3.35, >= 2.5, < 2.5.17 2.3.35, 2.5.17
  37. Apache Struts vulnerable to remote arbitrary command execution due to improper input validation
    Critical · 10.0 Exploited in attacks CVE-2017-5638 >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.32, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.10.1 2.3.32, 2.5.10.1
  38. Apache Struts allows entering a custom URL in a form field if built-in URLValidator is used
    High · 7.5 CVE-2017-9804 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.13 2.3.34, 2.5.13
  39. Spring AOP functionality (Struts) vulnerable to DoS attack
    High · 7.5 CVE-2017-9787 >= 2.3.7, < 2.3.33, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.12 2.3.33, 2.5.12
  40. Apache Struts 2.0.1 uses an unintentional expression in a Freemarker tag instead of string literal
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2017-12611 >= 2.0.1, < 2.3.34, >= 2.5.0, < 2.5.11 2.3.34, 2.5.11

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