Sign in
Deutsch English Español Polski
High

Craft CMS: Authenticated RCE through Twig sandbox escape

  • Disclosed: 06.08.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

The Twig sandbox mechanism in Craft CMS is configured to allow dangerous functionality from the Yii framework, leading to authenticated RCE in a manner similar to previously disclosed vulnerabilities.

The Twig sandbox in Craft CMS works by implementing Twig's SecurityPolicyInterface. The resulting SecurityPolicy class implements the checkMethodAllowed and checkPropertyAllowed methods of the interface. The implementations compare whether the called method or property is in a configured allowlist or is marked with the AllowedInSandbox attribute.

Additionally, SecurityPolicy allows the allowlisting of whole classes, which is shorthand for allowing all methods and properties of that class to be called. Both the allowlists for tags, filters, variables, methods, properties, and classes, as well as the AllowedInSandbox attribute mechanism, are preconfigured by Craft CMS to allow user-defined templates to use core functionality unimpeded. Additionally, Craft CMS project developers can add more to the allowlists or mark their custom methods and so on as safe with AllowedInSandbox.

The SecurityPolicy class's allowlisting mechanism is potentially dangerous, as it allows all methods and properties on an object of the allowed class. This means that the checked object can be a subclass and be allowed. And it means that the allowed methods and properties can be defined on any class of the class hierarchy of the object, which does not have to be the allowed class itself.

Craft CMS uses the AllowedInSandbox attribute to mark the ElementInterface as safe. The Element class implements this interface and is the base class for many relevant model classes in Craft CMS, like Entry, User, Asset and so on. Additionally, Element extends the craft\base\Component class. Going up the class hierarchy of craft\base\Component, eventually the class yii\base\Component is reached, which is located in the Yii framework used by CraftCMS. yii\base\Component is known to contain a dangerous arbitrary function call gadget which leads to previously disclosed RCE vulnerabilities in Craft CMS (GHSA-255j-qw47-wjh5, GHSA-2fph-6v5w-89hh, GHSA-7jx7-3846-m7w7, GHSA-qrgm-p9w5-rrfw). Due to lax class allowlisting, this function-call gadget is allowed in the Twig sandbox. This allows sandboxed Twig templates to use known payloads based on the function-call gadget to achieve RCE.

Impact

An authenticated attacker with permission to access the control panel can render a malicious Twig template and gain RCE, even if the Twig sandbox is enabled through enableTwigSandbox().

Affected software

Click a technology to see all vulnerabilities affecting it.

PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
Composer package craftcms/cms >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10.7, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.18.3 5.10.7, 4.18.3

References

CVSS score -
CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-693
Platform
Composer
Package
craftcms/cms
Disclosed
06.08.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 10:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-f5wm-88jv-g5hx - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: craftcms/cms

All published vulnerabilities of this package (Composer package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (127) in the archive
Total entries
127
First → latest
07.2021 08.2026
Without a fix
6
Exploited in attacks
4

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 9
  • High 41
  • Medium 65
  • Low 12

Disclosures per year

Severity:
  1. Craft CMS: Passkey login accepts replayed WebAuthn assertions
    Critical CVE-2026-72780 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10.5 5.10.5
  2. Craft CMS: Arbitrary user password reset leading to administrator account takeover
    High CVE-2026-72786 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10.8 5.10.8
  3. Craft CMS: Authenticated RCE through Twig sandbox escape this entry
    High CVE-2026-72781 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10.7, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.18.3 5.10.7, 4.18.3
  4. Craft CMS: Authenticated RCE via `condition.config` JSON cleanse bypass
    High CVE-2026-72778 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10.6, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.18.2 5.10.6, 4.18.2
  5. Craft CMS: RCE via missing cleanseConfig in FieldsController::actionRenderCardPreview
    High CVE-2026-56382 >= 5.5.0, < 5.9.14 5.9.14
  6. Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via referrer redirect
    High CVE-2026-55794 >= 5.9.0, < 5.10.0 5.10.0
  7. Craft CMS: DOM XSS via GitHub issue title in CraftSupport widget
    High CVE-2026-55790 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.23, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.16 5.9.23, 4.17.16
  8. Craft CMS Vulnerable to Unauthorized Deletion of Destination Folders During Forced Moves
    High CVE-2026-50282 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.21, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.14 5.9.21, 4.17.14
  9. Craft CMS's mass assignment via id in newAttributes during bulk duplicate overwrites existing elements
    High CVE-2026-50281 >= 5.7.0, < 5.9.21 5.9.21
  10. Craft CMS: Missing peer-permission check in `AssetsController::actionDeleteFolder` allows deletion of other users' assets
    High CVE-2026-50284 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.22, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.15 5.9.22, 4.17.15
  11. Craft CMS: Authorship spoofing in `entries/save-entry` via pre-check/post-mutation authorization gap
    High CVE-2026-50279 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.21 5.9.21
  12. Craft CMS: Blind SSRF and Arbitrary JavaScript Injection via Host Header Poisoning in actionResourceJs
    Critical CVE-2026-55791 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.10, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.18 5.10, 4.18
  13. Craft CMS's Missing Volume Permission Check in AssetsController::actionShowInFolder Allows Information Disclosure
    High CVE-2026-44012 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.18 5.9.18
  14. Craft CMS has Potential Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Malicious Attached Behavior
    High CVE-2026-44011 >= 4.0.0, < 4.17.12, >= 5.0.0, < 5.9.18 4.17.12, 5.9.18
  15. Craft CMS's Missing Authorization in GraphQL Address Resolver Allows Cross-Scope PII Disclosure
    High CVE-2026-44010 >= 5.0.0, < 5.9.18, >= 4.0.0, < 4.17.12 5.9.18, 4.17.12
  16. Craft CMS is Vulnerable to Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Malicious Attached Behavior
    High CVE-2026-33157 >= 5.6.0, < 5.9.13 5.9.13
  17. Craft CMS Vulnerable to Privilege Escalation/Bypass through UsersController->actionImpersonateWithToken()
    High CVE-2026-32267 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.6, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.12 4.17.6, 5.9.12
  18. Craft CMS vulnerable to behavior injection RCE ElementIndexesController and FieldsController
    High CVE-2026-32264 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.5, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.11 4.17.5, 5.9.11
  19. Craft CMS vulnerable to behavior injection RCE via EntryTypesController
    High CVE-2026-32263 >= 5.6.0, < 5.9.11 5.9.11
  20. CraftCMS has an RCE vulnerability via relational conditionals in the control panel
    High CVE-2026-31857 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.9, >= 4.0.0-beta.1, < 4.17.4 5.9.9, 4.17.4
  21. CraftCMS's `ElementSearchController` Affected by Blind SQL Injection
    High CVE-2026-31858 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.9 5.9.9
  22. Craft CMS has unauthenticated activation email trigger with potential user enumeration
    High CVE-2026-29069 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.2, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.2 5.9.0-beta.2, 4.17.0-beta.2
  23. Craft CMS Vulnerable to Authenticated RCE via "craft.app.fs.write()" in Twig Templates
    Critical CVE-2026-28697 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1 5.9.0-beta.1, 4.17.0-beta.1
  24. Craft CMS has IDOR via GraphQL @parseRefs
    High CVE-2026-28696 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1 4.17.0-beta.1, 5.9.0-beta.1
  25. Craft CMS has Cloud Metadata SSRF Protection Bypass via DNS Rebinding
    High CVE-2026-27127 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.23, >= 3.5.0, < 4.16.19 5.8.23, 4.16.19
  26. Craft CMS Vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior
    High CVE-2026-25498 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.22, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.16.18 5.8.22, 4.16.18
  27. Craft CMS: GraphQL Asset Mutation Privilege Escalation
    High CVE-2026-25497 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.9.0-beta.1, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.17.0-beta.1 5.9.0-beta.1, 4.17.0-beta.1
  28. Craft CMS Vulnerable to SQL Injection in Element Indexes via `criteria[orderBy]`
    High CVE-2026-25495 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.22, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.16.18 5.8.22, 4.16.18
  29. Craft CMS vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior
    High CVE-2025-68455 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.21, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.16.17 5.8.21, 4.16.17
  30. Unauthenticated Craft CMS users can trigger a database backup
    High CVE-2025-68456 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.21, >= 3.0.0, < 4.16.17 5.8.21, 4.16.17
  31. Craft CMS Contains a Potential Remote Code Execution Vulnerability via Twig SSTI
    High CVE-2025-46731 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.14.13, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.6.15 4.14.13, 5.6.15
  32. Craft CMS Allows Remote Code Execution
    Critical · 10.0 Exploited in attacks CVE-2025-32432 >= 3.0.0-RC1, < 3.9.15, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.14.15, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.6.17 3.9.15, 4.14.15, 5.6.17
  33. Craft CMS has a potential RCE with a compromised security key
    High · 8.0 Exploited in attacks CVE-2025-23209 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.8, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.8 5.5.8, 4.13.8
  34. Craft CMS has potential RCE when PHP `register_argc_argv` config setting is enabled
    Critical · 9.8 Exploited in attacks CVE-2024-56145 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.5.2, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.13.2, >= 3.0.0, < 3.9.14 5.5.2, 4.13.2, 3.9.14
  35. Craft CMS vulnerable to Potential Remote Code Execution via missing path normalization & Twig SSTI
    High · 7.2 CVE-2024-52293 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.12.2, >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.4.3 4.12.2, 5.4.3
  36. Craft CMS Arbitrary System File Read
    High · 7.7 CVE-2024-52292 >= 5.0.0-alpha.1, < 5.4.9, >= 3.5.13, < 4.12.8 5.4.9, 4.12.8
  37. Local File System Validation Bypass Leading to File Overwrite, Sensitive File Access, and Potential Code Execution
    High · 8.4 CVE-2024-52291 >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.4.6, >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.12.5 5.4.6, 4.12.5
  38. Craft CMS SQL injection vulnerability via the GraphQL API endpoint
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2024-37843 <= 3.7.31 no fix
  39. Craft CMS Feed-Me
    High · 7.5 CVE-2023-36260 < 4.6.2 4.6.2
  40. Craft CMS Remote Code Execution vulnerability
    Critical · 10.0 CVE-2023-41892 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.4.15 4.4.15
  41. Craft CMS vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via validatePath bypass
    High · 7.2 CVE-2023-40035 >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.4.15, >= 3.0.0, < 3.8.15 4.4.15, 3.8.15
  42. Craft CMS vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via unrestricted file extension
    High · 7.2 CVE-2023-32679 >= 4.0.0, < 4.4.6 4.4.6
  43. CraftCMS allows remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via crafted script to Section parameter
    High · 8.8 CVE-2023-30130 <= 3.8.1 no fix
  44. Craft CMS discloses password hashes
    High · 7.5 CVE-2022-37783 >= 3.0.0, < 3.7.33 3.7.33
  45. Craft CMS possibility of brute force attempts
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2019-15929 < 3.1.7 3.1.7
  46. Craft CMS Vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection
    High · 7.2 CVE-2018-20465 <= 3.0.34 no fix
  47. Craft CMS PHP Code Injection Vulnerability
    High · 8.8 CVE-2018-3814 <= 2.6.3000 no fix
  48. Improper account password reset in Craft CMS
    High · 8.8 CVE-2022-29933 < 3.7.36 3.7.36
  49. CSV Injection Vulnerability
    High · 8.8 CVE-2021-41824 >= 3.4.0, < 3.7.14 3.7.14
  50. Craft CMS Remote Code Injection
    Critical · 9.8 CVE-2021-27903 < 3.6.7 3.6.7

Know which vulnerabilities affect your application

With the DockRay integration and software inventory enabled, DockRay checks reported component versions against known vulnerabilities and notifies you about confirmed matches. Coverage depends on the supported technology and available advisory data.

Connect your application
DockRay newsletter

Application security in your inbox

Important vulnerabilities, actionable guidance and practical advice for your applications. Choose your technologies and follow what matters to your project.

  • A daily digest of new vulnerabilities, critical ones included.
  • Notifications about important updates.
  • Practical advice on application security and monitoring.

Leave empty to receive updates for every technology.

Privacy policy

Free to subscribe. Unsubscribe with one click in any email.