Medium

Flowise: Weak Default JWT Secrets

  • Disclosed: 16.04.2026
  • Updated: 11.10.2026 10:22

Detection Method: Kolega.dev Deep Code Scan

Attribute Value
Severity Critical
Location packages/server/src/enterprise/middleware/passport/index.ts:29-34
Practical Exploitability High
Developer Approver faizan@kolega.ai

Description

JWT secrets have weak hardcoded defaults ('auth_token', 'refresh_token', 'AUDIENCE', 'ISSUER'). Attackers can forge valid JWTs and impersonate any user.

Affected Code

const jwtAudience = process.env.JWT_AUDIENCE || 'AUDIENCE'
const jwtIssuer = process.env.JWT_ISSUER || 'ISSUER'
const jwtAuthTokenSecret = process.env.JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET || 'auth_token'
const jwtRefreshSecret = process.env.JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET || process.env.JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET || 'refresh_token'

Evidence

All JWT defaults are weak strings. Refresh token falls back to auth token which is a design flaw. If any environment variable is unset, weak default is used.

Impact

Complete authentication bypass. Attackers can forge valid JWTs for any user account. No authentication required to access protected endpoints. Can escalate to admin access.

Recommendation

Remove all default secrets - require all JWT environment variables to be explicitly set. Add startup validation throwing error if any JWT secret is missing. Use cryptographically random secrets (256+ bits) for each secret independently. Implement JWT secret rotation mechanism.

Notes

The JWT secrets have genuinely weak hardcoded defaults ('auth_token', 'refresh_token', 'AUDIENCE', 'ISSUER') at lines 29-34. If an administrator deploys without setting the environment variables JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET, JWT_AUDIENCE, and JWT_ISSUER, the application will use these trivially guessable values. An attacker knowing these defaults (which are publicly visible in the source code) can forge valid JWTs to impersonate any user, including administrators. The fallback chain at line 34 where jwtRefreshSecret falls back to jwtAuthTokenSecret is an additional design weakness - if only JWT_AUTH_TOKEN_SECRET is set, both tokens share the same secret. While .env.example files provide placeholder values, these are also weak and publicly visible. The application should fail to start if these secrets are not explicitly configured with strong values, rather than silently falling back to insecure defaults.

Affected software

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PlatformPackageVulnerable versionsFixed in
npm package flowise < 3.1.0 3.1.0

References

CVSS score 5.6/10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Weakness (CWE)
CWE-327
Platform
npm
Package
flowise
Disclosed
16.04.2026
Updated
11.10.2026 10:22

Sources and licenses

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-cc4f-hjpj-g9p8 - CC BY 4.0

Vulnerability history: flowise

All published vulnerabilities of this package (npm package), newest first. Shows whether this is a one-off slip or a package that needs watching.

All (114) in the archive
Total entries
114
First → latest
04.2024 10.2026
Without a fix
16
Exploited in attacks
0

Severity breakdown

  • Critical 28
  • High 62
  • Medium 24

Disclosures per year

  1. 2024: 11
  2. 2025: 22
  3. 2026: 81
Severity:
  1. Critical CVE-2026-69259 < 3.1.3 3.1.3
  2. Critical CVE-2026-69256 < 3.1.3 3.1.3
  3. Critical CVE-2026-69253 < 3.1.3 3.1.3
  4. Critical CVE-2026-69251 < 3.1.3 3.1.3
  5. High · 8.8 CVE-2026-46444 < 3.1.2 3.1.2
  6. High CVE-2026-46443 < 3.1.2 3.1.2
  7. High CVE-2026-56274 < 3.1.2 3.1.2
  8. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-46440 < 3.1.2 3.1.2
  9. High · 9.8 CVE-2026-41276 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  10. High CVE-2026-41274 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  11. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-41275 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  12. High · 7.1 CVE-2026-41271 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  13. High · 7.1 CVE-2026-41272 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  14. High · 7.1 CVE-2026-41269 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  15. High · 7.7 CVE-2026-41268 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  16. High · 7.5 CVE-2026-41266 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  17. Critical · 8.8 CVE-2026-41137 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  18. Flowise: Weak Default JWT Secrets this entry
    Medium · 5.6 CVE-2026-56271 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  19. Critical · 9.9 CVE-2026-40933 < 3.1.0 3.1.0
  20. High CVE-2026-30824 < 3.0.13 3.0.13
  21. High · 7.7 CVE-2026-30822 < 3.0.13 3.0.13
  22. High CVE-2026-30821 < 3.0.13 3.0.13
  23. Critical · 9.9 CVE-2025-61913 < 3.0.8, < 3.0.8 3.0.8
  24. High · 8.3 CVE-2025-61687 >= 3.0.7, < 3.0.8 3.0.8
  25. Critical · 9.8 CVE-2025-55346 <= 2.2.7-patch.1 no fix
  26. High CVE-2025-71336 >= 2.2.7-patch.1, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
  27. Critical · 9.8 CVE-2025-71334 >= 2.2.8, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
  28. Critical · 9.1 CVE-2025-71324 >= 3.0.5, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
  29. Critical · 10.0 CVE-2025-59528 >= 3.0.5, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
  30. High · 7.5 CVE-2025-59527 >= 3.0.5, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
  31. Critical · 9.1 CVE-2025-57164 >= 3.0.5, < 3.0.6 3.0.6
Show more (11) Showing 80 of 91

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